The transmission path comprises a path segment.

The protection path is disjoint to the working path.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the first data (90(1)) and first address path is independent of the second data (90(N)) and second address path (190(N)).

A working path and a protection path are provided.

The upstream path construction unit (24), on the basis of the path evaluation, constructs an upstream path.

The temperature collecting path (2) includes a quick sensing path (20) and a slow sensing path (22).

The resources are shared by the recovery path (R1) for the first working path and a recovery path (R2a) for the second working path (W2).

The side reproduction path is a side path to the main reproduction path.

Each conversion path is converted into a dimensional path, and each dimensional path includes dimensional elements that corresponds to user interactions of the conversion path.

The transmission path (2) comprises a transmission path (2a) of operational system and a transmission path (2b) of backup system.

The case turner includes a primary conveying path and a secondary conveying path which intersects with the primary conveying path.

The conversion path data includes a path length measure for each conversion path in the plurality of conversion paths.

The apparatus includes a transmission signal trace and a non-transmission trace.

The current combiner circuit couples current from the first transconductance stage to (i) one of a first output path or a second output path or (ii) both the first output path and second output path.

When the work segment path fails, the traffic on this work segment path is switched to its protect segment path, rather than the switching of the whole path.